Thursday, November 28, 2019

Im Sexy and I know it by LMFAO free essay sample

I use to think that the only song with more male nudity then female was Right Said Freds too sexy, which this song kinda ripped off, but the abominations of music known as LMFAO couldnt let that be so they made this song that Im reviewing today. Visually this song wouldnt be so bad if it was showing something not completely disturbing like their uh wiggling private parts. I think I died a bit after seeing that, but moving on the music is also pretty bad because it repeats the same beat over, and over, and over into oblivion. I think if youve heard any of their other songs you should know that they write lyrics the same way that fire knits sweaters, theyre bad and barely important to the song like this only one I will tell you, I work out, really? That was their choice, to pick something that anyone with eyes could tell is a lie just by looking at their bodies. We will write a custom essay sample on Im Sexy and I know it by LMFAO or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Perhaps a better title would have been, Im ugly and I show it. Last but probably most important is their incredible amount of smugness gets annoying, like the fact that you can outright tell they know that theyre not sexy or good, but they dont care theyre still richer then youll ever be. Oh well, in the end this probably wont change your opinion about it, but thanks for reading anyways.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Dental health in nsw Essays

Dental health in nsw Essays Dental health in nsw Essay Dental health in nsw Essay I have seen on Television two studies, which are so bosom felt brought more concerns to concentrate my attending on this job for my essay in my media research links below 2/1: A Current Affair 28/2/2010 Dental shame and 2/2: Channel Nine News 2/2/2009 Reported by Kevin Wilde NSW Dental Care in Crisis seeking to convey attending to the Government the hurting and agony from Children to the Elderly sometimes taking people to taking affairs into their ain custodies to taking their ain dentition, this is doing society to take stairss rearward at least a hundred old ages where you had to take your ain dentition when Dentist where panics. To Children unable to eat solid nutrient due to the intolerable hurting. With a Health, issue like this has brought so much Media attending it leaves you to inquire what the Health Minister is making. The Federal Government blames the State Government and they merely throw it back and forwards without looking for a solution. Then it was brought to my attending besides reported on 2GB talk back Radio by Ray Hadley link below 2/3: on The Rorting of Medicare Chronic Disease Dental Scheme by Doctors and Dentist. John Howard introduced this Scheme when LIB party was in control and is seeking to be modified by Kevin Rudd in Parliament today. Therefore, this would be a great strategy merely the Medical professionals are taking advantage of this strategy for fiscal additions. This has created an up boom in society as the Public need this strategy to assist them with their chronic Dental wellness jobs. This possibly abolished from the development from Medical Practitioners to the disbursal of impacting the lives of many people. Quoted from the Herald link below 2/4 on the 11/3/2010 However, the Medicare dental strategy, introduced by the old authorities, has been associated with allegations of rorting and Medicare is look intoing claims affecting about 50 tooth doctors who may hold undertaken and been paid for work non eligible for the Medicare payment . With that, the media is conveying accusal that the Prime Minister Kevin Rudd now seems improbable to run into another large election pledge. Yet another Scheme this one was introduced by Kevin Rudd, Quoted from 2/5: NSW Health Website 1/7/2008: The Commonwealth Government promised $ 490 Million over five old ages for the Medicare Teen Dental Plan from 1 July 2008, Medicare will supply $ 150 used through either a private tooth doctor, or through public unwritten wellness service. About 57 % of the NSW population is eligible for public unwritten wellness services. from kindergartners to teenage pupils. In theory, this could hold worked if Medical Practitioners did non mistreat the strategies besides, nevertheless with all this support traveling on still leaves so many inquiries that come to mind, like the School alveolar consonant services being closed down non brought to the populaces attending. This is doing a large impact on society and increased the waiting list at the Dental infirmaries and the Oral wellness issues grow. Research Information from NSW wellness on Prime concern on Oral Health Issues Eg: Oral Cancer: ( 1 ) Oral pit malignant neoplastic disease the malignant neoplastic disease that starts in the oral cavity, which includes the lingua, liner of the cheeks, gums and dentitions, upper or lower jaw, the difficult roof of the mouth and salivary secretory organs. ( 2 ) Oropharyngeal malignant neoplastic disease the malignant neoplastic disease that starts in the oropharynx, which includes the soft roof of the mouths, the base of the lingua, uvula, and tonsils. Around two-thirds of the unwritten malignant neoplastic diseases are found in the oral cavity, while one-third are found in the throat. Oral Diseases: ( 1 ) Gingivitis is the mildest signifier of periodontic disease. It causes the gums to go ruddy, swollen, and bleed easy. There is normally small or no uncomfortableness at this phase. Gingivitis is frequently caused by unequal unwritten hygiene. ( 2 ) Periodontitis Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. With clip, plaque can distribute and turn below the gum line. Toxins produced by the bacteriums in plaque irritate the gums. The toxins stimulate a chronic inflammatory response in which the organic structure in kernel bends on itself and the tissues and bone that support the dentitions are broken down and destroyed. Gums separate from the dentition, organizing pockets ( infinites between the dentitions and gums ) that become septic. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. Often, this destructive procedure has really mild symptoms. Finally, dentitions can go loose and may hold to be removed. Mention links: 2/1: A Current Affair 28/2/2010 Dental shame hypertext transfer protocol: //video.ninemsn.com.au/video.aspx? vid=483daddf-20b4-4574-aca1-27bd14f2feb4 # : :483daddf-20b4-4574-aca1-27bd14f2feb4 2/2: Channel Nine News 2/2/2009 Reported by Kevin Wilde NSW Dental Care in Crisis hypertext transfer protocol: //video.ninemsn.com.au/video.aspx? vid=2eb72a94-223c-4397-bf3c-cfeb6269ae71 # : :2eb72a94-223c-4397-bf3c-cfeb6269ae71 2/3: 2GB Ray Hadley On Air 10/3/2010 Rorts of the Medicare Chronic Disease Dental Scheme: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.2gb.com/index2.php? option=com_newsmanager A ; task+view A ; id=+5846 2/4: SMH Newspaper reported by Mark Metherell Health Correspondent 11/3/2010: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smh.com.au/national/another-election-promise-broken-20100310-pzee.html 2/5 NSW Health: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.nsw.gov.au/resources/cohs/medicare_teen_dental_plan_pdf.asp Public Oral Health services: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.nsw.gov.au/cohs/health_services.asp My theory to a solution is to call off the strategies traveling now and present nomadic units to rural countries and to schools. With promotion from community wireless Stationss would cut back cost in promotion. With three or more nomadic coach units as they have for chest malignant neoplastic disease testing, they could hold nomadic Dentist. It could dwell with one alumnus and two undergraduate 2 twelvemonth in Dentistry. To transport out basic dental wellness cheques and mirror dental work. With a territory bead in every 6 months to 1 twelvemonth. For schools one time a twelvemonth trip to schools could dwell with parents being present or permission faux pass to make general look into on schoolchildren and give referrals if the kid needs it. For metropolitan doing Dental apart of Medicare so it has easy entree for everyone. A minor addition to the Medicare levy would cover cost. Clem Brooks ( 2002, pp. 192-193 ) quoted This perceptual experience of household can hold powerful influences, for illustration, in political relations and wellness. In footings of policy, divorce and individual parent households can interpret as the demand for public assistance, puting an added load on the public bag. Politicians, for illustration, runing on traditional household values can significantly act upon public perceptual experiences and authorities public assistance disbursement. The assignment in 2008 by the Australian Federal Health Minister of two members of conservative ancestral Christian groups to the function of work forces s wellness embassadors caused indignation in the community as both those opposed to the assignments and those back uping the assignments engaged in a war of words. After reading Complexity and alteration in modern-day society, Activity 8 subdivision 8.6 Quoted: Health can be affected through skin ailments such as eczema, or anorexia, binge-eating syndrome, anxiousness, and so on. These factors lead to farther antisocial behavior as self-worth lessenings. I besides see how household interruption ups could impact lower incomes, which could do a fiscal load of a individual parent for Dental intervention for themselves and their kids. Which would take to take downing self deserving and do depression to impact the mental wellness of non merely the parent besides the kids as good? With the turning Numberss on school, peer force per unit area effects what you wear and how you look. I do non believe person with crooked or icky dentitions would be the design of today s kid. So this would them do the kids to retreat from societal brushs with kids in their age group. The thought was to buoy up the overload on Dental Hospitals statistics show today from Westmead Dental Hospital waiting list are still 3 to 12 months depending on the urgency I rang Westmead Dental Hospital merely to corroborate on the 12/3/2010

Thursday, November 21, 2019

PEST and SWOT Analysis of Tesco Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PEST and SWOT Analysis of Tesco Plc - Case Study Example Recognizing that customer loyalty is not only cultivated through competitive pricing, Tesco also invests in training its employees and making them part of its success through the extension of high quality service together with their cheap products (Tesco-Counting on Customer Satisfaction n.d.). Looking at the value chain of Tesco, it can be seen that it is relatively more efficient in carrying out its outbound logistics, distribution, and customer service. Its efficiency in outbound logistics is justified by its mere scope and size. Tesco, as one of the world's largest retailer, is a very important customer to its supplier (Tesco Plc 2007). Thus, the company posses a high bargaining leverage, enabling it to get discounts which are not otherwise available to its smaller competitors. The company also enjoys economies of scale in distribution, advertising, administrative processes, and production. This enables Tesco to significantly reduce cost and generate high margins. As opposed to other players in the industry, Tesco's own brand is a source of large margins in its total revenue (Tesco Plc 2007). With this, it can be seen that the competitive advantage of Tesco is generated through its cost efficiency. The company uses its size and economies of scale throughout its value chain in order to significantly drive down its cost, allowing it to charge lower, if not the lowest price in the market (Tesco Plc 2007). However, the fact that the company does not just offer products at less than industry average prices but couples it with excellent service implies that it also takes effort in differentiating itself from its competitors. For Tesco, it is not just about the product but the shopping experience is also a key in cultivating customer patronage and loyalty. Through the value web analysis, it can be seen that the relationship of Tesco with its supplier and its customers are very much significant in the creation of a competitive advantage. Through the company's strategic alliance with its supplier, Tesco is able to bring down prices. On the other hand, the company's launching of the Loyalty Card allows it to know more about its customers for more specific target marketing. It becomes apparent that all these strategies are very much supportive of a cost advantage. Strategic advantage entails less procurement costs while target marketing becomes a key in cutting advertising costs (Tesco Plc 2007). 2. Macroenvironment PEST Analysis Political. In the political aspect, there has been a wide and rapid integration of economies into a global village through the creation of regional blocs and free trade zones like NAFTA and European Union. This change, which is largely brought about by the various policies put in place by the government authority facilitates the faster and easier influx of goods and services through the elimination of trade barriers and inflow of foreign direct investments through the increased capital mobility (Globalization: Threat or Opportunity 2007). Economic. The world has witnessed the rapid rise of traditionally developing economies like China, India, and Brazil. China, in particular has grown fastest among the different world economies in the last decade. This economic

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Social Service Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Service Work - Essay Example One type of work that is associated with the field of serving aged people is conducting educational programs for the elders. Such kind of programs helps the elderly people to be interested in motivating themselves and to be up to date with the current trends in the society. Most often, their education is overlooked by the society and no such programs are conducted. These workers help them by conducting programs of knowledge sharing and make them believe they have many more steps to walk in their life. One example program of educating the old people is teaching them about internet. Many of the older generations are unaware of the importance of internet in their day to day life. Teaching them about internet and its usage would help them to get their required information easily and help them spend their time leisurely. Another program that could be used as part of learning is educating the elders about the social networking sites. This would greatly help them to keep in touch with their closed ones and to interact more with the society, right from their home. There are several other opportunities similar to education programs like counseling, health care, law issues etc.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Education and Life Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education and Life - Personal Statement Example It is not only satirical, beautiful and esthetical, but also a testimony of the ancient patrimony (Efland, 2010). These reasons make me want to be involved in the discipline by enrolling for a course in History of Art. My attachment to arts started in the school years where I was able to obtain outstanding grades in history, literature and art subjects. The passion did not stop in class as it continued up to my social life when I attended several culture seminars and exhibitions. During these events, I also developed interest in photography. I admired the various mixtures of arts and information captured by legendary photographers like Cartier Bresson. Furthermore, understanding photography makes it even easier to understand artistic works from various regions of the world (Gardner & Kleiner, 2009). Outside the classroom, I have been lucky enough to be involved in exhibitions in my home town during the summer. I took part in researching and drafting the press books that were to be used in these particular exhibitions. It was a challenging and demanding duty that involved noting down the content of the exhibition and summarizing them for people to be able to easily read about what was taking place. I enjoyed taking part in this research since it gave me a chance to have a deeper insight into various art works that were in the exhibition. Apart from art, I enjoy listening to music. Blues, rock and jazz are my favorite. I try to attend concerts so that I am able experience the enthusiasm and the spectacle that make the shows a success. Moreover, I am a travel enthusiast .I enjoy this as it not only allows me to meet new people and encounter new cultures, but also exposes me to the art work in the areas I visit. It is through these trips that I come to understand how the local populations interpret and view their works and how their pieces of

Friday, November 15, 2019

Facial Prosthetic Adhesives Effect On Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers Biology Essay

Facial Prosthetic Adhesives Effect On Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers Biology Essay Maxillofacial prosthetic discipline plays an important part on patient treatment that has suffered facial disfigurement caused by accidental trauma, tumour, cancer, diseases and congenital malformation (Sanchez-Garcia et all 2010). The sucess of maxillofacial silicone elastomer depends on factors such as stability, support and retention (Dahl and Polyzois, 2000; Sanchez-Garcia et al., 2010). The retention and its methodology is of primary importance and is based upon four categories (Dahl and Polyzois, 2000) : skin adhesives, mechanical ( Magnets, spetcles ) (Lemon et al., 1995 ; Goiato et all, 2009), anatomical ( undercuts) and implants (Dahl and Polyzois, .2000). Adhesive retention is communly used in U.K which was identified by Hatamlesh et al (2010) by use of questionnaires. Of the 220 working maxillofacial prosthetic technologists surveyed, has been found that in 1193 prosthetic contructed, adhesives communly retained 48% of orbital prosthetics and 45% of nasal prosthetics (Hatamlesh et al 2010). However its use was influenced by adhesive chemical constituition and the patient skin condition (Sanchez- Garcia,. et al, 2010). Nevertheless, by refering to patient satisfaction and quality of life (Goiato et al, 2009), adhesive retention of facial prosthetic has a negative impact, due to difficulties of removable which results in skin irritation (Dahl and Polyzois , 2000) or damage to the prosthetics, compared to implant retained prostesis (Goiato et al, 2009), which is costlly (Cheng el al ,2002), however, despite of costs, 70% auricular implant are commonly made ( Hatamlesh et al ,2010) to retain the prosthetics. 1.1 Definition of adhesive-adhesion An adhesive is an essence that holds materials together trough surface attachments (Holland and Turner, 1983). During surface interaction between an adhesive and subtracts is termed adhesion. When the two subtracts comes in contact by a third substance on its interface is termed adhesive joint (Hulland and Turner, 1983) (Figure 1.0) or bond, which is depend upon the wetting and the spread of the adhesives (Thomas, 2003). According to Wu (1982 cited in Nenakhov, 2008 p 20) adhesion is where two different materials comes in close contact interfacially, so that a load could be transferred between adherent and substrate to the adhesive joint. Flexible adherent Subtract Fig1.0 The adhesive Joint However, many issues are responsible for adhesion which is described by the skin factors and many underlying general theories. Facial prosthetics retention factors Skin is the largest organ of the human body and has many heterogeneous and anisotropic tissue layers. The three main tissue layers are: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis or adipose fat tissue. This tissues work in support to each other and differ in thickness by function of age and the area where is found (Pailler-Mattei et al, 2008; Pailler-Mattei, and Zahouani, 2006; Wood and Bladon,1985). The epidermis is found at the outer layer of the skin and subsequently subdivided by differentiated five sub layers, called stratified squamous epithelium (fig 1.1) which varies in thickness by 30 ums and 4 mm (Wood and Bladon, 1985). It contains blood vessels, diverse types of cells and keratin protein (Wood and Bladon, 1985). The outer sub layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum) contains dead cells which is water resistant. The dermis is found beneath the epidermis and it is further divided into two parts (Wood and Bladon, 1985): Papillary region The outer area that contacts the epidermis, and is composed by loose areolar connective tissues; Reticular region- The deep area that contacts the hypodermis, and is composed by irregular connective tissues trough it, weaves collagen and elastic fibers. The dermis functions to reduce the pressure and tension of the body under exterior excitation (Pailler-Mattei, and Zahouani, 2006). The hypodermis is found below the dermis and is consisted by loose connective tissue and elastin fibers. Its main function is to attach the upper layers to muscles and bones and to supply blood vessels and nerves (Wood and Bladon, 1985). Generally different components can be found in the surface of the skin: fingernails, toenails, hair follicle, sweet glands and sebaceous glands. Skin is consisted by: water, protein, lipids, and different minerals and chemicals. It has a variety of functions, (Wood and Bladon, 1985) such as: It protects from bacterial invasion by keeping our insides (muscles bones ligament and internal organs) intact ; Evaporation control provides a semi permeability barrier to fluid loss; Storage for lipids and water ; Absorption- Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide can diffuse into the epidermis in small amounts; Isolation by regulating the temperature and sensation. Fig 1.1 schematic illustration of skin (Ivyrose ,2003) Hair Pore Epidermis Stratified squamous epithelium Stratum corneum Stratum lucidium Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basal Stratum corneum Stratum lucidium Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basal Stratum corneum Stratum lucidium Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basal Dermis Hair follicle Sebaceous gland Blood capillaries Sweat glands Nerve endings Sensory receptors Hypodermis Artery and vein Capillaries Adipose tissue Therefore for adhesion process to proceed, it is important to have an account of skin factors such as, hair follicles, (Kiat- Annuay et al 2008) perspiration, skin lipids and the sebum, which are the main culprits for the difficulties that the adhesive may encounter when in contact with the epidermis of the skin (Wood and Bladon, 1985). Also these factors may vary between the different ethical groups (Kiat- Annuay et al 2008). However, In order to understand the adhesive behavior on health applications, human skin is modeled as viscoelastic material (Pailler-Mattei, and Zahouani, 2006; Renvoisea et al, 2009). Still for accepting it as an elastic, mechanical tests has been performed, and the results showed that its young modulus varies between, 0.42Mpa -0.85 Mpa for torsion, 4.6 Mpa 20 Mpa for tensile, 0.05 Mpa -0.015Mpa for suction and between 0.0045 Mpa -0.008Mpa for indentation (Pailler Mattei, and Zahouani, 2006). Therefore it can be thought that the skin is highly deformable up to a limit. Skin deformation should be minimized when testing adhesives. Theories of adhesion The theories of adhesion have been classified into three categories ( Hulland and Turner, 1983): Mechanical bonding The theory is based on the factor that all the surfaces to be bonded are rough at microscopic level.  Ã‚  The low viscosity adhesive will flow and penetrates into the cracks, crevices or pores of the rough subtract surfaces. As the adhesives hardens it keys into those surfaces and a strong bond results. However, the bond joint strength between the adherent and substrate is limited, both by the adhesive strength and the roughness of the surface (Hulland and Turner, 1983). Chemical bonding the theory is based on the formation of primary chemical bonds between the adhesive and the surface of the substance which invokes the formation of covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds also secondary bonds may influence by van der walls forces in the interface (Hulland and Turner, 1983) Physical bonding Adhesive bond formation may be attributed trough the energy on the interface between adhesive and the substance which in turn is determined by physical process during contact : Electrostatic -is based on difference in electro negativity between the two subtracts when in contact. Adhesive strength is given by: the transfer of electrons across the interface resulting in a negative and a positive charge, creating double layers thus attracting one another (Hulland and Turner, 1983). Diffusion -is based on adhesion that is formed trough diffusion of molecules in the adhesive and adherent. However the theory is only applicable when both the adhesive and adherent are soluble and having similar long-chain molecules that are capable of kinetics (Hulland and Turner, 1983). Absorption is based on adhesion which results from molecular contact between an adhesive and the adherent known as wetting. The wetting is considered in terms of free surface energy and is determined by measuring the surface contact angles (fig1.2). Thus, high surface energy a near Zero angle of contact may occur, so the liquid wets efficiently over the subtract surface. However, at low surface energy a higher contact angle may be produced which results in inefficiently surface coverage by the liquid (Hulland and Turner, 1983). Fig 1.2 The effects of surface energy of a subtract on contact angles of a liquid droplet (Hulland and Turner, 1983, p 403). High surface energy so lower liquid contact angle indicated by the arrow Low surface energy so higher liquid contact angle indicated by the arrow (Hulland and Turner, 1983 , p 403). Surface wet ability of a prosthetic material The prosthetic material that contacts the skin must have a good wettability (high surface energy- hydrophilic) for efficient adhesion, however according to Water et all (1999) when comparing silicone elastomers used in maxillofacial with that of an acrylic denture base resin, statistically found that the silicone elastomers has a lower surface energy, thus resulting on surface that is poor wetted (low surface energy- hydrophobic). Nevertheless, no significance statistically difference has found between the silicones elastomers, but only demonstrating a quantitative difference contact angle mean raging between 79.31 to 83.18 degrees and the surface energy raging between 25.11 and 28.45. In addition to that, the researchers concluded, the low wettability found may cause friction and micro trauma to the supporting tissues, as the wettability did not achieve the lubrification needed (Water et all,1999). However, the surface of the silicone elastomer may be modified to improve wetting wit hout affecting the material bulk and mechanical properties as Aziz et all (2003) demonstrated. The experimenters concluded, that if the silicone elastomer was treated with argon plasma and followed by chemosoption of ethyneopoxy functional silanes it proved an effective way to improve wetability demonstrated by the reduction of contact angle (Aziz et all, 2003). Requirements of medical adhesives Adhesives that are used in the facial prosthesis are pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) which needs a slight pressure to adhere at room temperature and it possess two essential requirements which are: That they should stick firmly to a difficult subtract (skin) (Chivers, 2001; Webster 1998), which varies in dryness and wetness. That they should be easily removed from subtract without causing any damage by stripping the skin, or leaving adhesive residue (Chivers, 2001; Webster, 1998) during de-bonding process. With this two requirements in mind, PSA is proposed to show an adhesive failure when the skin is a subtract, however to verify this requirements a peel test at different angles, usually at 900 or 1800 degrees, is employed which is one of the standards used to evaluate the strength of adhesive bonds, therefore the higher the test value (energy per unit area), the stronger the bond. Assessing Pressure sensitive adhesives 1.6.1Pressure sensitive adhesive factors During assessing the mechanical properties according to Chivers (2001) the requirements in 1.5 are constantly in conflict, so to resolve it, he approaches trough using chemical means and physical procedures during peeling of PSA that is used for dressing of wounds. The chemical means consist of an adhesive that contains a mix of a hydrophilic base polymer (alkyl vinyl ether) with a water soluble tackifying agent (ethoxylated alkyl phenol part of polyethelne glycol) in 1:1 or 1:2 ratios which gives on a dry state its tackiness (Chivers, 2001). However by wetting with water the peel strength has seen to be reduced by 90%. Also he explains if an additive of a crystallisable polymer side chain is incorporated into the making of a PSA adhesive the effect of strength may be reduced by increasing the temperature so melting the additive above its use temperature. Though, Mcguiggan and et all (2008) demonstrated that the peel strength of the PSA decreases with increasing temperature consecutively the peeling rate is decreased at peeling angles of 900 and 1800 degrees. Also PSA may be activated by visible light or to a low ultraviolet light on a switch of mechanism to lower peeling strength, so that it does not traumatize the skin (Webster, 1999). By act ivating by this mechanism cross-linking process occurs with the free radical exposure of the side groups, thus the adhesive polymer will produce a bond of the prosthetic material to the skin (Chivers, 2001). The physical procedures that Chivers (2001) mentioned showed that, if the angle of peel of polyester backed PSA on a stainless steel subtract is increased up to 1350 degrees, the peeling force will automatically decrease. 1.6.2 Comparison of adhesives bonds on different subtracts A number of studies were published to compare adhesives bond strength on facial prosthetics elastomer to the skin (Wolfaardt et all, 2005; Kiat-Annuay et all 2004; Polyzois, et all 1993 ) , and one of the studies was to compare four types of adhesives (Dow Corning 355 medical adhesive, PSA 1, Daro and 9874 3 M) with five room temperature vulcanized silicone facial elastomers (Silskin II, MDX4- 4210, Cosmesil, Cosmesil HC2 and RS 330 T-room temperature Vulcanized (Polyzois, et all 1993). Polyzois , et all (1993) prepared the elastomers strips specimens of 50x 50 x 3 mm dimension on stone moulds. These specimens were tested on the inner aspect of the right forearms of one subject. And before each test, the attachments sites were cleaned with ethyl alcohol. A total of 160 peelings were carried out on the universal testing peeling machine that was previously calibrated to a 4 N load and the rate of 1mm/ minute of peeling. With this experiment the researchers concluded, that the tensile b ond strength is depended upon both the elastomers and the skin adhesives and the results showed that the Down corning 355 adhesive had the highest bond and the 9874 3M the lowest (Polyzois, et all 1993). The MDX 4 4210 silicone elastomer had the strongest bond and the RS 330T-RTV had the weakest in all adhesives (Polyzois, et all 1993). The material used for adhesives are based on silicones and resin formulation. Benedek (2000) explained that the resin adhesives exhibited from low to higher adhesion to skin and silicones from low to moderate skin adhesion. However, the adhesives used may have caused damage to the skin but according to Kiat -Annuay, et all (2000) if a skin protective dressing is used then trauma will be reduced. Nevertheless, the researchers experimented the protective dressing and a remover manufactured by Smith and Nephew on two adhesives, (Daro epithane 3 (E-3) water based and factor II secure medical adhesive (SMA) silicone based with the backing of MDX 4 4210 silicone elastomer. They applied to 20 subjects on the volar surface of the arms, and at 900 degrees of peeling observed the adhesives on its own, without the dressing and found that SMA was 4 times more retentive (adhesion mean = 96.3 Nm) than E-3 (adhesion mean = 24.1 Nm), however with the prep, E-3 increased by 27% in contrast SMA increased only 15%. Also it was observed a residual adhesive on prosthetics (skin interface) and the skin (prosthetic interface) (Kiat -Annuay, et all 2000). However the remover did not affected the bonding but helped only cleanin g the skin. Though, Kiat Annuay, et all (2001) indicated if a second application of adhesive was applied over the existing paste within a time period between 0 and 4 hours to secure the prosthetic, then at 4 hours interval the peeling bonds strength increased for SMA. Although it was observed the bond strength of silicone elastomer to the skin was decreased over an 8 hours interval. Anyways, when investigating a single and multi adhesive layering at 900 degrees of peeling, on 30 subjects has found the combination of SMA/ E3 had significant higher adhesion to the skin followed by SMA alone, E3/SMA and E3 alone (Kiat Annuay el all 2004). The investigators agreed that if a sandwich of adhesives was used then the margins of the prosthetic will not be visible (Kiat Annuay et all 2004) therefore improving esthetics (Karayazgan B et all 2003). However when peeling the device out, the margins may tear, so by incorporating of tulle it would improve its strength (Karayazgan B et all 2003). According Kiat-Annuay, et all (2008), when evaluating the strength of SMA and E-3 adhesive on silicone MDX 4 4210 with urethane liner and the chlorinated polyethylene elastomer, backed with skin prep, found that there were no significant interaction differences between silicones, however they observed that the adhesive failure occurred at the interface. Nevertheless of the 26 subjects tested it was found significant statistically difference in bond strength for gender, amount of hair in volar surface of testing subjects and ethnicity. However, age of the volunteers did not affect the bond strength of the adhesives. Volunteers with no Hair had a higher bond strength compared with subjects with arm hair. In addition, the mean adhesive bond strength of strips applied to the African -american subjects (n=8) was statistically greater than of the Hispanic, white and Asian volunteers (Kiat- Annuay et all 2008). Thought by reviewing the literatures, peeling experiments still is carried out on Humans volunteers which conflicts with the ethical issues, and on stainless steel which gives false adhesion values, as it does not relate to skin. So for this reason Nussinovitch, A. et all., (2008) and Renvoise, et all (2009) produced artificial skins to test adhesion of adhesives, anyways adhesives should be chemical clear before testing on humans. 1.6.2.1 The rational of Biocompatibility Therefore biocompatibility is of prime importance (Dahl and Polyzois, 2000). For the clinical clearance of adhesives, patch tests have been developed to scrutinize, the constituents of the adhesives such as solvents and takifying agents, which may irritate the skin (Dahl and Polyzois, 2000). According Dhal and Polyzois (2000) they suggested a new in-vitro test by use of hens egg test chororioallatoic membrane method. The researchers concluded that the organic solvent ethyl acetate contained into the adhesive gives severe irritation reaction. For this reason, a new PSA adhesive was formulated by Sanchez -Garcia, et all (2010), and it was based on acrylic monomers. They found that the formulation B3, synthesized by water based emulsion, presents a good alternative for patients that have suffered severe facial damage. 1.6.3 Adhesive failure Most of adhesive boding joint failures can be placed into 4 groups (Messler, 2004) they are: Substrate Failure:  Substrate fails before the adhesive and this depends on the adhesive strength Cohesive Failure:  Adhesive fails down in the middle, adhesive remains on both substrates. Interfacial Failure:  Adhesive fails from one of substrate.   Mixed failure : characterized by interfacial and cohesive failure Fig 1.3 Subtract failure Fig 1.4 Cohesive failure Fig 1.5 interfacial failure Fig 1.6 Mixed failures Figures 1.3 ,1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 (Messler, 2004) 1.7 Research objectives The objective of this study was to measure the force needed to remove strips of room vulcanized silicone elastomer from a rigid material such as stainless steel, treated with acetone. Four different skin adhesives were measured on a universal testing machine (Hounsfield H50KS Universal Testing Machine) at 1800 peel (Figure 1.7) according to ISO 8510-2-2010 standard. Figure 1.7 Schematic diagram 1800 peeling (ISO 8510-2-2010) Material and Methods Twenty silicone abacus strips 250 x 25.0 x 2mm were processed from a mix of 50% stone/gypsum moulds. The surfaces of the moulds were treated with an alginate separator before pouring a mix of 100 grams of silicone abacus and 10 grams of the activator, as of manufactures instructions. See table 2.1, for the materials used in this study. The elastomers strips were allowed to cure at a room temperature for 24 hours before testing. For the rigid material five stainless steel sheets 250 x 25.0 x 1.6mm were cut. The surface attachment of the stainless steel was cleaned with the acetone and allowing to dry before each test. The Hounsfield H50KS Universal Testing Machine was calibrated with a load cell of 8N at a crosshead speed of 100mm/min (Fig 2.2). Four types of adhesives were studied. The spray (Down corning B, Hollister 7730) and the liquid adhesives (Pros- aide and PSA 1b) were applied to 120 mm area in length, in a thin layer of each of the twenty silicone elastomers, and allowed to dry according to each specific adhesive manufacturing instruction (Down corning B- 1 minute; Hollister 7730- 5 minutes; pros aide -3 minutes; principality- 3minutes). The elastomer specimen was attached to the stainless steel and a thumb pressure to the silicone was applied for 30 seconds. The unattached silicone elastomer was placed into the grip of the universal testing machine and the peeling at 1800 was carried out. A total of twenty (five of each adhesive type) peeling was made. The point of adhesive failure (cohesive, mixed or interfacial failures) was noted. The average maximum, minimum, normal average force and the energy of peeling were recorded as a function to the distance peeled. SPSS Statistical package software version 17.01 was performed to analyze the data through a combination of a paired T test of adhesives and the maximum force of peeling data was used to conduct it. Table 2.1 some of the material used in this study and its drying time Type Material Drying time Manufacturer Silicone facial elastomeric + activator Abacus 24 hours room temperature Abacus Silicon Technology Pte Ltd Skin adhesives Dow Corning medical adhesive B 1 minutes Down corning corporation, midland, USA Hollister 7730 medical adhesive 3 minutes Hollister limited, aurora Ontario Pros -aide Adhesive 3 minutes Pros-Aide ®, a division of ADM Tronics Unlimited, Inc. Northvale, New Jersey 07647 USA PSA 1b Adhesive 3 minutes Principality Fx Newport U.k Results The maximum, minimum, mean, standard error and standard deviation of the maximum bond strength in Newton per millimeter (N/mm), measured by four adhesives (Dow Corning, Hollister, Pro aide and PSA1b) backed with silicone elastomer strips, at 1800 degrees peel on a stainless steel subtract, is shown on table 3.1. Five peelings (N=5) of each adhesive was performed and a total 20 pulling was made. The mean value varied from 4.12 N/mm to 10 N/mm and the standard deviation ranged from 1.62 N/mm to 4.40 N/mm. The bar chart /error bar on figure 3.2 shows graphically, that PSA 1 b had highest maximum bond strength comparatively to Dow Corning, Hollister and Pro aide adhesives, thus Dow Corning and Hollister adhesives had lower bond strength of peeling and the pro aide an intermediate. Acetone use to remove the adhesive did not influence the bonding, however De- bonding of adhesives was at stainless steel level as the residues was left on the prosthetic strips, however one specimen of Down co rning adhesive had de-bonded on the prostheses strips so the majority of residues was left on the metal substructure (table 3.2 ) (Fig 3.1) Fig 3.1 Dow Corning adhesive had mixed failure cohesive and interfacial (residue left on prosthesis and on the metal) Fig 3.2 Maximum adhesive bond strength mean and the standard error of the means Dow Cor Maximum adhesive bond strength to the stainless steel Table 3.1 The maximum bond descriptive statistics Descriptive Statistics N Minimum ( N/mm) Maximum ( N/mm) Mean ( N/mm) Std. Deviation ( N/mm) Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic P/M Dow Corning B 5 2.50 6.62 4.12 .72567 1.62 4/1 Hollister 7730 5 2.48 5.72 3.91 .53729 1.20 5/0 Pros Aide 5 3.10 8.45 5.22 .96437 2.16 5/0 PSA 1B 5 5.11 14.95 10.00 1.96904 4.40 5/0 Valid N (leastwise) 5 Key: P/M residue left on the prosthetic P or in the stainless steel M A paired t test from SPSS Statistical analytical software tool, table 3.2 revealed that there was a statistical difference between the pairs : Dow Corning and PSA 1b; Hollister and PSA 1b as the Sig(2tailed) value = pà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.05 at 95 % of chance. Adding on, no statistical difference was found between: Dow Corning and Hollister; Dow Corning and Pro aide; Hollister and Pro Aide; Pro aide and PSA 1b as the sig (2 tailed) value = P >0.05 at 95 % chance. Table 3.2 SPSS statistical analysis of Paired t test between adhesives groups Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper A B .21040 2.29084 1.02450 -2.63406 3.05486 .205 4 .847 A C -1.10380 1.97320 .88244 -3.55386 1.34626 -1.251 4 .279 A -D -5.87980 4.73267 2.11651 -11.75619 -.00341 -2.778 4 .050 B C -1.31420 3.11820 1.39450 -5.18595 2.55755 -.942 4 .399 B D -6.09020 4.10128 1.83415 -11.18261 -.99779 -3.320 4 .029 C D -4.77600 5.84121 2.61227 -12.02881 2.47681 -1.828 4 .142 Key : A Dow Corning B B Hollister 7730 C Pros Aide D- PSA 1b Discussion The approach of retention methodologies of facial prosthesis from pressure sensitive adhesives are important, so its development and research, to make a more compatible, toxic free and less irritable to employ it on skin contacts. Testing machines has been used to experiment adhesives for its tackiness such peel tests at certain degrees but its use remains controversy as it tests on volar surfaces of the arms or other type of substrates such stainless steel which gives misleading information. However, according Wolfaardt et all (1992) used a custom made machine to perform in vivo testing of tree facial prosthetic adhesives (PSA1, Pro- Aide, Dow Corning 355) on Cosmesil silicone elastomer. He tested the adhesives on one of the cheeks region of two subjects and obtained the data by repeating the experiment. A load of 900gm was applied for 20 seconds. Stretching, twisting and its combination tests were carried out. The data was analyzed trough the student Newman keuls statistical method and found that Down corning 355 had the strongest bond during stretching and twisting, however PSA 1 during stretching was the weakest nevertheless PSA1 and Pro Aide adhesive was found no statistical difference during twisting test methodology. Adding on, Polyzois and et all (1993) also found that Down corning 355 had a stronger bond strength during peeling at the volar surface of the arm during tension by use of ANOVA and Duncan statistical test methodology. Its results however varied between the types of silicone elastomer used. Nevertheless, Wolfaardt et all (1992) and Polyzois and et all (1993) experiments showed that Down Corning adhesives had higher bond strength but the methodology used was different from the present study, so a detailed comparison would be invalid or difficult. Adding to, the two researchers did not disclosed what angles that the peeling was performed and also the experiments was conducted in vivo. Despite of these facts, according to Benedek (2000), resin adhesives such as the PSA1 b and the Pro Aide water based formulation would exhibit a lower to higher adhesion and silicone from lower to moderate skin adhesion and this are all depended upon to its curing time and the number of applications. Indeed, according to Sanchez Garcia, et all (2010) water based acrylic adhesives is the most effective for the patients with severe facial damage, thus this adhesive can stand a variety of loads consequently suitable for its use in maxillofacial prosthesis. The research results in figure 3.2 and table 3.1 from peeling at 1800 degrees on a stainless steel subtract indicated that the PSA1 B had a maximum retention (mean =10.00 N.mm), approximately 2.5 times more retentive than Down Corning (mean 4.12 N.mm) and Hollister (Mean 3.91 N.mm). Pro aid showed approximately 2 x lower retention (mean=5.22N.mm) than the PSA1B. Pro Aide had an intermediate retention between the adhesive tested. Nevertheless to illustrate the most retentive adhesive a Paired T test ( table 3.2 ) indicated that the statistically paired combination of adhesives : Down corning (A) and Hollister (B) t(4)= 0.205, p=0.847Down Corning (A) Pro aide (C) t(4)=1.251, p=0.279; Hollister (B) Pro Aide (C) t(4)=0.942, p=0.399 ;Pro Aide (C) PSA 1B (D) t(4)=1.828, p= 0.142 has found no significant difference as p values were > than 0.05 at 95% chance difference. However, statistically paired combination of adhesives: Down corning (A) PSA 1 B (D) t (4)=2.778, p=0.050; Hollister (B) PSA 1 B (D) t(4)=3.320, p=0.029 has revealed statistically significant as P values is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ than 0.05 at 95 % of chance difference. Also the use of acetone did not influence in the bonding. Furthermore, only one specimen Silicone/Dow Corning had a mixed failure (cohesive and interfacial) as some residue left on metal and the prosthetics. The rest of adhesives failed at metal interface (residue left on prosthesis). Thought the results was expected PSA 1 B and Pro Aide are based in water and resin emulsion therefore it gave a higher adhesion to the skin compared to Dow Corning and Hollister which are based in silicones (Benedek, 2000). However the higher peeling was depended upon the curing time (monomer cross linking)

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

At first the whole class went into the drama studio and sat down. :: Drama

At first the whole class went into the drama studio and sat down. Inside the room there was a projector and a video camera filming the exam. Task One All things in bold and underlined are the explorative strategies we used during the exam. At first the whole class went into the drama studio and sat down. Inside the room there was a projector and a video camera filming the exam. I was told to relax and then told to stand up and act like a character that depsised everyone else around myself. We all did this at the same time, whilst walking around the drama studio. At one point we were told to act scared of everyone around ourselves I noticed that not many people varied their pace as they changed their roles. We were then told to play a range of other characters. I did not realise how others were performing as I was concentrating on my own performance. All of this was mimed. We were then told to look at the picture on the projector. The whole class got into pairs and discussed the picture on the screen. It was a picture produced by an artist named George Grosz. His style is stated as "Caricature" the picture we were shown was in this style. In pairs we discussed what we thought was happening in this picture. I was working with Victoria and we decided that the men at the front were obviously separated from the other characters in the picture, by having huge charateristics (e.g Nose and body shape). The poor were slightly crouched to give the effect they were lower than the 3 men at the front of the picture. Which was non-naturlistic. We then were told to re-create the picture by ourselves in the studio. Half of the group used physical theatre to create the buildings in the background of the picture. The other half of the group had to act as the people that were in the picture. The students that were acting as people used body language to create different standards of living of the characters. The picture had 3 different types of people. They were rich, poor, or soldiers. Men played all the rich people which I found slightly sexist. However, they used body language to create an essence of how important and rich they were. They tried to look tough and heavy by crouching their shoulders up and keeping their hands away from their faces, which shows that they are not unhealthy (no coughing from illness) Their faces showed a bossy and un-sympathetic attitude towards the old people.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Priciples of Software Engineering Essay

Describe each law in your own words. Illustrate with a practical example ? Glass’ law â€Å"Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures Coming to my explanation Glass law states that if the basic requirements of the projects is not constructed properly that may leads failure of the project. To achieve goals in the project it plays an vital role and any drawbacks may leads project unsuccessful. Around 20% of all IT project failures were caused by incomplete or badly managed requirements. Example: Technological University-Online Practical Tests In the case of technological university the requirements specifications for the online practical exams had been implemented without consulting students and university staff. This system was designed in such a way that students affliated to that university are write the test test online at the same day and same time. Considering the requirements of the colleges were different an the project objectives were different. This leads to failure of the that project. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. Coming to my explanation Boehm’s law states that the basic designing of the projects mat leads to errors and miscalculations. The sooner you find a problem, the cheaper it is to fix , otherwise to detect the errors in the project is very expensive or complicated . This law is applicable from midrange systems. Example: City Council – Pay Roll System A city council developed a replacement payroll system believed that users had comprehensive knowledge of all the business requirements. But the current staff or IT team had participated in building the old system – they had no knowledge of how it was built. That leads to many errors and it cause project failure. Boehm’s second law â€Å"Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. Coming to my explanation Boehm’s second law states that by prototype modelling the disigning of the project and errors can be reduced. To design the system the staff will be educated . So that that will increase the usability of the system among users. Example: In a postgraduation course prototype modelling experiments were conducted . Some of them were used requirement driven approach and others are prototyping approach. This will leads to satisfaction for the client compare to all other methods. Davis’ law â€Å"The value of a model depends on the view taken, but none is best for all purposes†. Coming to my explanation Davi’s law states that to describe systems requirements, it is very useful. This model is useful to solve the complicated tasks that other models find that difficult to solve. Example:In a system to solve the problems different methods were implemented. Each task follows their methodolgies to solve the problems. At the end all the methods got different results but there methodologies is useful to solve the problem. Your first task is to describe each software development methodology clearly and completely in your own words. You may use diagrams, examples or UML to help you do this. Waterfall Model : The waterfall model is a sequential software development process, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of conception, design, analysis, initiation ,testing and maintenance. This model is used in manufacturing industries and construction industries . It is ; highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development. For example, one first completes requirements specification, which after sign-off are considered â€Å"set in stone. † When the requirements are fully completed, one proceeds to design. Spiral Model: The spiral model is a software development process combining elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down and bottom-up concepts. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress . Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project. The spiral model might mean that you have a rough-cut of user elements as an operable application, add features in phases, and, at some point, add the final graphics. The Spiral model is used most often in large projects and needs constant review to stay on target. It can get their hands in and start working on a project earlier. Q3) Using the first four laws of the text, show where these are either implemented or missing in each software development methodology (Total Two). If a law is missing, explain the consequences and suggest how the process might be improved. Water Fall Model Glass’ law Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures. The end users gathered by requirements in waterfall model. It states that the basic requirements of the projects is not constructed properly that may leads failure of the project. The failures were caused by incomplete or badly managed requirements. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. It basic designing of the projects mat leads to errors and miscalculations. In waterfall model this law cannot be able to correct the errors. This law is not reliable for waterfall model. Boehm’s second law Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. This law cannot be able to correct the errors in waterfall model. The design phase would be reduced by prototype modelling. Davis’ law â€Å"The value of a model depends on the view taken, but none is best for all purposes†. The purpose of this model is not suitable for this law. Spiral Model Glass’ law â€Å"Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures In waterfall model risk analysis is conducted on the prototype. By this if they need any requirement it will included in next stage. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. In spiral model each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress . The risks were eliminated after number of stages. Boehm’s second law â€Å"Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. In spiral model it will design the prototype. and construct and design the prototype. The analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project.

Friday, November 8, 2019

How to Apply for Federal Student Aid Using the FASFA

How to Apply for Federal Student Aid Using the FASFA You want to go to college so you can make a lot of money but you dont have a lot of money, so you cant go to college. Congratulations! You have just met the main requirements for getting federal student aid. The U.S. Department of Education provides more than $67 billion in loans, grants and campus-based aid every year to assist millions of students and their families pay for postsecondary education. This feature presents an overview of the types of federal student financial aid available, eligibility requirements and the application process. Handy links directly to detailed information from the Department of Education are provided throughout. Federal Student Loan Programs The governments Stafford Loan program offers both subsidized and unsubsidized student loans.   Subsidized loans require proof of financial need. All interest on subsidized loans is paid by the government while the student is actually enrolled at least half-time and during certain periods, such as  deferment and forbearance. Unsubsidized loans are available regardless of financial need. The student must pay all interest on unsubsidized loans. The Direct PLUS program offers unsubsidized loans to parents of dependent students. The parents must pay all interest on Direct PLUS loans. Amounts that can be borrowed, repayment options and interest rates vary greatly and can be modified during the term of the loan. For details on federal student loan programs, see: Federal Direct Student Loans - Information For Students (Note: Some teachers and childcare providers may be able to cancel payment of portions of their federal student loans. See: Loan Cancellation for Teachers and Cancellation for Childcare Providers.) Federal Pell Grants Unlike loans, federal Pell Grants do not have to be paid back. Eligibility is based on financial need. Maximum amounts available vary yearly as determined by Congress. Besides financial need, the amount of a Pell grant also depends on costs to attend school, the students status as a full- or part-time student, and the students plans to attend school for a full academic year or less. Pell grant funds are paid directly to the student by the school at least once each semester, trimester, or quarter. Campus-Based Aid Programs Campus-based programs like the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Federal Work-Study (FWS), and Federal Perkins Loan programs are administered directly by the financial aid office at each participating school. Federal funds for these programs are given to the schools and distributed to students at the schools discretion. Amounts students can receive depends on individual financial need, amounts of other aid the student receives and the total availability of funds at the school. Basic Eligibility Requirements for Student Aid Eligibility for federal student aid is determined on the basis of financial need and on several other factors. The financial aid administrator at the college or career school you plan to attend will determine your eligibility. Basically, to receive aid from federal programs, you must: qualify for financial need (except for certain loans); have a high school diploma or a General Education Development (GED) certificate, or pass a test approved by the U.S. Department of Education; be working toward a degree or certificate; be enrolled in an eligible program; be a U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen; have a valid Social Security Number; register with the Selective Service if required; and maintain satisfactory academic progress once in school. Under federal law, persons who have been convicted under federal or state law of the sale or possession of drugs are not eligible for federal student aid. If you have a conviction or convictions for these offenses, call the Federal Student Aid Information Center at 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243) to find out if, or how, this law applies to you. Even if you are ineligible for federal aid, the Education Department urges you to complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, because you may be eligible for nonfederal aid from states and private institutions. How to Apply for Student Aid - The FASFA The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) can be used to apply for all loans, grants, and campus-based student aid programs. The FASFA can be completed online or on paper. The FAFSA Web site takes you through every step of the process and provides all the information you need to apply for federal student aid. Applicants can access worksheets to estimate their incomes, electronically sign loan documents, save an application at any computer and print a complete report. How easy is the FAFSA online application process? In 2000, over 4 million student loan applications were processed online, a number the Department of Education expects to top 6 million during 2002. Between Jan. 1 and March 1, 2002, over 500,000 applications had already been processed online. Questions? If you have any questions, or require additional information on student financial assistance, you may contact your high school guidance counselor, the financial aid officer at the postsecondary school you plan to attend, or the Federal Student Aid Information Center, open seven days a week, from 8 a.m. to midnight (Eastern Time). You can also find free information about federal, state, institutional, and private student aid in your high school counselors office or local librarys reference section (usually listed under student aid or financial aid.)

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Numskulls, Noodles, and Nincompoops

Numskulls, Noodles, and Nincompoops Numskulls, Noodles, and Nincompoops Numskulls, Noodles, and Nincompoops By Maeve Maddox When I began to research words meaning stupid person, I expected to find ten or so common ones and be done with it. Instead Ive found dozens upon dozens of English words used to describe a person of perceived limited intelligence. I plan to continue my research, but here are twelve for a start. cretin This term has a medical meaning, so its use as an insult is unfortunate. Medically speaking, a cretin is a person who suffered from thyroid deficiency in the fetal stage. Two symptoms of cretinism in children are dwarfed stature and mental retardation. In the 18th century, the age of Pope and Dryden, every fashionable person aspired to be a Wit, someone who could show off learning and clever association of ideas with neat, quotable phrases and quips. (Kind of like speech writers hoping to turn out memorable sound bites.) The noun wit, in the sense of knowedge, intelligence, quick-thinking, spawned several words to denote a stupid person. half-wit Originally, just a wannabe Wit whose verse and jokes were pretty lame. The term quickly came to mean someone lacking in his wits. nitwit In German and in Yiddish, nit means nothing. I suppose a nitwit must be another level down from a half-wit. (First recorded use 1922.) twit This is British slang dating from the 1930s. I first heard it in the Sixties when I lived in England. Thanks to cross-Atlantic linguistic fertilization, Americans have adopted it. Twit may derive from an Old English verb meaning to reproach, or it may be a development of nitwit. ninny Innocence, sadly enough, is often equated with stupidity, Its thought that ninny, meaning stupid person, derives from the word innocent. Innocent was once a common given name whose pet form was Ninny. There may be a connection with the Italian word ninno, meaning baby or child. noodle Noodle meaning simpleton is probably unrelated to noodle meaning pasta. Noodle meaning stupid person was in use as early as 1753. The word noodle to denote the edible substance is first attested in English in 1779. numskull Ive always spelled it numbskull, but the form without the b seems to be more common. Its a combined form of numb (devoid of sensation) + skull. A skull (brain) that cant feel anything cannot, presumably, do much thinking. nincompoop A little old fashioned, perhaps, but nincompoop rolls nicely off the tongue. Dr. Johnson (1709-1784) thought it came from the legal phrase non compos mentis, meaning mentally incompetent. Etymologists challenge Johnson because the earlier forms were spelled without the second n. simpleton This word, simple + ton, was made on the model of a surname, ex. Templeton, Washington. The word simple has gone through several meanings. When simpleton was coined, the word simple indicated devoid of duplicityanother example of a positive trait coming to be equated with stupidity. A shorter form, simp, is circus slang for a simpleton. dunce This word is usually applied to a stupid student. It derives from the name of John Duns Scotus (c. 1265-1308). Duns Scotus was a medieval scholar whose work was viewed as hopelessly old-fashioned and nit-picky by progressive 16th century thinkers. Philosophers who still valued the works of Duns Scotus and argued along his lines of thought were called dunces by their opponents. In time the word dunce came to apply to any student who didnt learn his lessons. gonzo Journalist Hunter S. Thompson put this word into the American vocabulary by coining the expression gonzo journalism. Websters Unabridged notes origin unknown, but there is an Italian word gonzo that means simpleton or blockhead. Thompson was thinking of irresponsible journalism that mixes fact and fiction and is presented as truth. Possibly gonzo isnt so much a stupid person as a person who writes inaccurate and misleading news stories. dumbass This pejorative combines dumb with ass. Dumb started out as a word meaning mute, unable to speak. As so often happens in an unkind universe, a physical handicap came to be equated with stupidity. From dumb comes dummy, another synomym for stupid person. Among the various meanings of ass is donkey. As early as ancient Greece, the animal was equated with clumsiness and stupidity. Languages tend to have multiple words relating to concepts of particular interest or importance in a culture. For example, people of the north use many words related to cold weather: snow, ice, slush, sleet, blizzard, flurry, avalanche, powder, etc. People who raise horses have numerous words for various kinds: stallion, gelding, mare, filly, foal, bronco, hunter, Morgan, pony, etc. Could this abundance of English words for stupid person be a cause for concern? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowGrammar Quiz #21: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

Monday, November 4, 2019

Global Market Research Case Study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Market Research Analysis - Case Study Example The turnaround was masterminded by two employees who decided to work without pay and their efforts were rewarded when S/M Architects won the competition for the aquatics facility for the Canada games. Buoyed by the success of sports complex design and construction, Sperry Architects now wants to enter into new markets. According to (Keegan 2013) firms enter into new markets to increase profitability, stem inherent risks in the home market and therefore ensure long term business stability. With economists predicting a recession in 1989 and local competition heating up it is clear why Sperry Architects wants to enter into a new market. Entering a new market comes with substantial risk, challenges as well as opportunities (Moschis, 1994). Sperry/MacLennan Architects is seeking to enter a new market and must therefore conduct a thorough market research and analysis to increase its chances of success in the new market. In this case S/M Architects must pay close attention to the following. It is imperative that S/M defines the target market it intends to satisfy and the opportunities for growth. Entering a saturated market might not offer many new opportunities. It is also important to identify gaps in the market and weigh the current players in the market while paying close attention to their strengths and weaknesses. Beall (2010) notes that laws regarding business practice vary from province to province as well as country to country. Tax laws as well as well as amount of profits which can be repatriated back home are key issues which should be taken into consideration by S/M Architects before venturing into new markets. Understanding the market dynamics and consumer behavior of the target market is crucial to the success of any firm with intentions of expanding into a foreign market. Cultural beliefs shape the consumption patterns in new

Friday, November 1, 2019

Computer Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Network Security - Essay Example It is now considered as a fundamental fact that if an application is connected and operates on the network, it can be exploited and compromised. Organizations are keen to build a layered defense of protection to counter cyber threats from internal and external entities. Likewise, there is a requirement to constantly monitor live traffic from and to the World Wide Web, remote connections, the real-time interaction of users to applications, Internet gateways and client interactions with the applications. Code reviews are essential, as patches from vendors must be tested first before implementation into the live environment. However, for effective implementation of patches, patch management practices must be documented and standardized. Likewise, there are effective tools available for performing effective patch management. Secondly, configuration management also plays an essential role in ensuring security for mission-critical aviation applications. For instance, if a faulty hardware c omponent is replaced with the new one, it is important to address issues with hardware compatibility, as any malfunctioned device may introduce the vulnerability. Thirdly, change management procedures must also be documented and approved by the respective application owners prior to any changes to the application. For instance, change request form requiring any changes within the application can be approved and documented for ensuring no vulnerable spots in the architecture and infrastructure. All the identified attack interfaces must be addressed by taking the following factors into consideration (Mitigating security threats by minimizing software attack surfaces.2008): Uninstall and prevent unnecessary features Default utilities and programs that are installed within the operating systems must be utilized (If required) Strong access management by user authentication Remove all default passwords on the application server